Problématique d’accès à l’eau potable dans les quartiers spontanés de la ville de Bafoussam, CamerounAAEA

Problématique d’accès à l’eau potable dans les quartiers spontanés de la ville de Bafoussam, Cameroun

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Problématique d’accès à l’eau potable dans les quartiers spontanés de la ville de Bafoussam, Cameroun

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ABSTRACT: In Cameroon, the issue of access to portable is water is at the centre of debates because in several regions and
divisions a large number of the population do not have access to this precious commodity, which is at the heart of the
Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).

The aim of this work is therefore to highlight the difficulties faced by the population to access portable water in the spontaneous neighbourhoods of the city of Bafoussam. To do this, 173 households in the Bamendzi, Tougang-ville, Tougang- village, Ngouache and Kouogouo neighbourhoods have been the subject of field verification.

The result shows that, despite the measures taken by the administrative authorities and the Cameroon Water Utilities Corporation (Camwater), not all inhabitants have access to portable water.

The main reason for this is; the lack of control over population growth, which is characterised by a continuous increase in built-up areas from 549 to 10710 ha between 1980 and 2020.

Similarly, the degradation of water infrastructure and the inaccessibility to portable water are two (02) factors that have pushed the populations to look for alternative sources of water supply, namely wells, boreholes and springs.

In addition, about 75% of the population surveyed stated that they get their supplies through these means and also face sanitation problems which are consequently at the origin of waterborne diseases such as typhoid, respiratory and skin
infections.

However, the Decentralised Administrative Authorities must put in place means to enable the population of the city of Bafoussam to have access to drinkable water.

KEYWORDS: Portable water, urban sprawl, spontaneous neighborhoods, waterborne diseases, Bafoussam.

 

RESUME: Au Cameroun, la problématique de l’accès à l’eau potable est encore au centre des débats car dans plusieurs régions
et départements, un grand nombre de la population n’arrive pas à s’approvisionner facilement en cette denrée encore rare
qui figure pourtant au cœur des Objectifs de Développement Durable (ODD).

Ce travail a pour objectif de mettre en évidence les difficultés d’accès à l’eau potable dans les quartiers spontanés de la ville de Bafoussam. Pour ce faire, 173 ménages des quartiers Bamendzi, Tougang-ville, Tougang- village, Ngouache et Kouogouo ont fait l’objet d’enquête de terrain.

Il ressort de cela que, malgré les mesures prises par les autorités administratives et par la Cameroun Water Utilities Corporation
(Camwater), tous les habitants n’ont pas accès à l’eau potable.

La principale raison étant la non maitrise de la démographie, suivi de l’accroissement continue des surfaces bâtis qui est passé de ha en 1980 a ha en 2020.

De même, la dégradation des infrastructures d’eau et l’inaccessibilité à l’eau potable sont deux (02) facteurs qui ont poussés les populations à se tourner vers des sources alternatives d’approvisionnement à savoir les puits, les forages, les sources aménagées et non aménagées.

En plus, environ 75% de la population enquêté affirme se ravitailler par ces moyens et font face aux problèmes d’assainissement
qui sont à l’origine des maladies hydriques tel que la typhoïde, les infections respiratoires et cutanés.

Toutefois, les Autorités Administratives Décentralisés doivent mettre en place des moyens permettant à la population de la ville de Bafoussam d’avoir accès à l’eau potable.

MOTS-CLES: Eau potable, étalement urbain, quartiers spontanés, maladies hydriques, Bafoussam.

From scarcity to abundance: Innovative solutions for Africa's water crisisAFWASA

From scarcity to abundance: Innovative solutions for Africa’s water crisis

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From scarcity to abundance: Innovative solutions for Africa’s water crisis

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Abstract
Africa faces a critical water security challenge, with far-reaching implications for human health, economic development,
and environmental sustainability.

This article examines the continent’s current state of water security, analyzing key challenges such as climate change impacts, rapid population growth, and significant infrastructure deficits.

It reviews major policy frameworks and initiatives to address these challenges, including the African Water Vision 2025 and
investments by the African Development Bank.

The paper explores innovative approaches to enhance water security, presenting case studies from across the continent.

It concludes by discussing the role of international cooperation and providing recommendations to strengthen water security policies.

This comprehensive analysis aims to inform evidence-based policymaking and support the achievement of Sustainable Development Goal 6, ensuring water and sanitation for all by 2030.

Keywords: Water security; Climate change; Water pollution; Water infrastructure; Innovative technologies;
Transboundary water management

 

Monitoring drinking water, sanitation, and hygiene in non-household settings: Priorities for policy and practiceAFWASA

Monitoring drinking water, sanitation, and hygiene in non-household settings: Priorities for policy and practice

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Inadequate drinking water, sanitation, and hygiene (WaSH) in non-household settings, such as schools, health care facilities, and workplaces impacts the health, education, welfare, and productivity of populations, particularly in low and middle-income countries.
There is limited knowledge on the status of WaSH in such settings.
To address this gap, we reviewed international standards, international and national actors, and monitoring initiatives; developed the first typology of non-household settings; and assessed the viability of monitoring.
Based on setting characteristics, non-household settings include six types: schools, health care facilities, workplaces, temporary use settings, mass gatherings, and dislocated populations.
To-date national governments and international actors have focused monitoring of non-household settings on schools and health care facilities with comparatively little attention given to other settings such as workplaces and markets. Nationally representative facility surveys and national management information systems are the primary monitoring mechanisms.
Data suggest that WaSH coverage is generally poor and often lower than in corresponding household settings.
Definitions, indicators, and data sources are underdeveloped and not always comparable between countries.
While not all countries monitor non-household settings, examples are available from countries on most continents suggesting that systematic monitoring is achievable.
Monitoring WaSH in schools and health care facilities is most viable.
Monitoring WaSH in other non-household settings would be viable with: technical support from local and national actors in addition to international organizations such as WHO and UNICEF; national prioritization through policy and financing; and including WaSH indicators into monitoring initiatives to improve cost-effectiveness.
International consultations on targets and indicators for global monitoring of WaSH post-2015 identified non-household settings as a priority.
National and international monitoring systems will be important to better understand status, trends, to identify priorities and target resources accordingly, and to improve accountability for progressive improvements in WaSH in non-household settings.
Keywords: Monitoring drinking water, sanitation,  hygiene non-household settings Priorities policy  practice
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1438463915000267
LA RARETE DE L’EAU EAU DANS LE MAYO- TSANAGA: IMPACTS SOCIO-ECONOMIQUES ET SANITAIRESAAEA

LA RARETE DE L’EAU EAU DANS LE MAYO- TSANAGA: IMPACTS SOCIO-ECONOMIQUES ET SANITAIRES.

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LA RARETE DE L’EAU EAU DANS LE MAYO- TSANAGA: IMPACTS SOCIO-ECONOMIQUES ET SANITAIRES.

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Depuis des décennies, le Mayo-Tsanaga, l’un des départements de la région de l’Extrême-Nord Cameroun fait la une de l’actualité nationale en termes d’approvisionnement difficile en eau.

Ceci est dû à l’environnement physique récalcitrant dominé par des chaines de montagnes qui n’offrent pas des possibilités pour un fort rechargement des nappes phréatiques en eau durant la saison sèche.

L’objectif de cette communication est d’analyser les effets de la rareté en eau dans les domaines socio-économiques et sanitaire.

Sur le terrain, des observations et des entretiens portant sur l’impact de la rareté de l’eau dans le domaine économique, social et sanitaire ont été effectués.

Il en ressort que les facteurs qui justifient la crise en eau dans le département du Mayo-Tsanaga sont la dégradation du milieu naturel et l’environnement physique complexé par des chaines de montagnes.

Ils entrainent à cet effet des conflits qui se renforcent davantage par la croissance démographique, l’inégale répartition des points d’eau et leur mode de gestion.

De même, vu que les populations n’ont pas l’accès à une eau potable, elles sont
victimes de nombreuses maladies hydriques. Cette crise en eau constitue un frein au développement
économique dans la mesure où elle ne permet pas aux populations de mener à bien les cultures maraîchères, l’élevage, la restauration etc.

Face à ces difficultés, les forages seuls ne peuvent pas résoudre le problème des populations.

Il serait judicieux pour les autorités compétentes de multiplier les adductions d’eau potable.

Mots clé : eau, rareté en eau, mayo-tsanaga, conflit, maladies hydriques

Abstract
Since decades, the Mayo-Tsanaga is one of the far Far North Region divisions in Cameroon which is suffering difficult water access.

This is due to the physical environment marked by the mountain ranges that don’t allow water storage during is to study dry season.

The aim of this communication is to study the impacts of water rareness in socio-economic and health domain. On the field observations and conversation on these domains have been done.

As results of conversations, the natural degradation milieu and the difficult physical environment are the main factors that justify the water rareness in Mayo-Tsanaga division.

And these cause conflicts reinforced more by the demographic expansion,
unequal share-out of the water points and their management mode.

In addition, the populations of that division are victims to numerous water sicknesses because of the inaccessibility to potable water.

This water crisis consists a brake to economic development in far as it doesn’t give possibilities to carry hrough their agriculture, breeding and storage.

Face to these difficulties, authorities’ haves to multiply potable water adductions in oder to solve the community problems.

Keys Words: Water, water rareness, mayo-tsanaga, conflict, water sickness

Les modes d’approvisionnement en eau potable par les ménages du MAYO- TSANAGA : Partie Nord des MONTS MANDARAAAEA

Les modes d’approvisionnement en eau potable par les ménages du MAYO- TSANAGA : Partie Nord des MONTS MANDARA

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Les modes d’approvisionnement en eau potable par les ménages du MAYO- TSANAGA : Partie Nord des MONTS MANDARA

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Les ménages du département du Mayo-Tsanaga font face à de réels défis pour s’approvisionner en eau potable.

Dans la zone rurale, la problématique de l’accès à l’eau est plus prononcée en saison sèche. Cette étude fait une évaluation des modes d’approvisionnement endogène en eau potable.

Pour y parvenir, l’étude combine des données de deux sources : les données de sources secondaires issues des bibliothèques, centre d’études et les données de sources primaires issues des enquêtes de terrain dans 08 villages du Mayo-Tsanaga.

Certes, il existe divers ouvrages (les sources aménagées et non aménagées)
d’alimentation en eau mais l’eau elle-même est saisonnière et de qualité
douteuse.

Une équation d’accès à l’eau potable difficile à résoudre, qui met non
seulement en danger la vie des personnes chargées de recueillir le précieux
liquide et celle de la famille toute entière.

Une situation qui maintient le département dans la liste des zones d’insécurité alimentaire au Cameroun.

Mots clés : Mode d’approvisionnement endogène, eau potable, ménages, Mayo-
Tsanaga

 

ABSTRACT

Households in the department of Mayo-Tsanaga face real challenges in
accessing drinking water.

In rural areas, the problem of access to water is more pronounced in the dry season.

This study assesses endogenous drinking water supply methods.

To achieve this, the study combines data from two sources: secondary source data from libraries and study centers, and primary source data from field surveys in 08 villages in Mayo-Tsanaga. While there are various

water supply structures (developed and undeveloped springs), the water itself is
seasonal and of doubtful quality.

A difficult equation to solve when it comes to access to drinking water, which not only endangers the lives of those responsible for collecting the precious liquid, but also those of the entire family.

A situation that keeps the department on Cameroon’s list of food insecurity zones.

Key words: endogenous supply, drinking water, households, Mayo-Tsanaga

Public Water Supply and Sanitation Authorities: A Sustainable Domestic Water Management Strategy in TanzaniaAFWASA

Public Water Supply and Sanitation Authorities: A Sustainable Domestic Water Management Strategy in Tanzania

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Water supply is a mandatory service for Tanzanians from respective legal public water11 utilities, and their sustainability reflects implementations of best management strategies at a local level.

The objective of this study was to assess current approaches used in water quality and quantity management in Tanzania.

This was achieved through secondary water data tends, on-site water quality assessments, visits of respective water supply and sanitation authorities, and
assessment of their performances.

It was observed that water supplied in rural-based authorities was quite different from that supplied in an urban setting as far as quality and quantity is concerned, urban-based supplies being of assistance to users over rural ones.

A new strategy on water management is presented for sustainable water supply in Tanzania; it is based on controlling  groundwater abstractions and preference of surface water in public water supplies.

Rural water
supply management must learn several practices realized at urban supplies for the betterment of respective majority water users.

 

Keywords: Community owned water supply organization (COWSO); Domestic water2
management strategy; Water Quality; Water Quantity; Water supply and sanitation authority

Water demand management in Malawi: problems and prospects for its promotionAFWASA

Water demand management in Malawi: problems and prospects for its promotion

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This paper discusses the status of water demand management (WDM) in Malawi.
Findings from the study indicate that, while WDM is highly advocated in the urban and peri-urban areas, very few aspects of WDM are practiced in the rural areas.
The water pricing structure that the supplying institutions established serves as a disincentive for water wastages in the urban areas. Both private firms and individuals use various measures to conserve water as a way of minimizing water consumption.
The motives for water conservation range from profit maximization to inadequate financial resources to meet the costs of water respectively. In the rural areas where water is supplied at no cost, the people tend to pay less attention to water conservation.
In cases where water providers attempted to institute factors of cost sharing, the rural inhabitants tended to be reluctant to contribute. This is so because people view water as a social good that should be supplied to them free of charge.
The paper demonstrates that although some aspects of WDM are being practiced in the country, the existing conditions on the ground militate against its increased expansion as a strategy for promoting an efficient and equitable use of existing water resources.
A large section of the population still lack access to potable water and the Malawi government is committed to the provision of basic water services.
Yet WDM will become even more critical in future because of the growing competition for water resources, particularly due to the growing population and the increasing economic activities such as farming, industrialization and urbanization.
The paper argues that despite the promising benefits that WDM has, its promotion must necessarily be infused with ideas of water supply considering that the largest population still lacks access to potable water.
Coupled with this will be the need for a proper policy framework that promotes public awareness for people to start appreciating the economic value of water especially in the rural areas.
Keywords: Water demand management  Malawi: problem prospects promotion
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1474706503001426
Stratégies d’approvisionnement en eau potable dans l’agglomération d’Abidjan (Côte d’Ivoire)AAEA

Stratégies d’approvisionnement en eau potable dans l’agglomération d’Abidjan (Côte d’Ivoire)

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Stratégies d’approvisionnement en eau potable dans l’agglomération d’Abidjan (Côte d’Ivoire)

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This article raises the problem of the lack of knowledge of the drinking water supply strategies of the Ivorian populations in general and in turn of the Abidjanese populations.

The objective is to make known these strategies of the Abidjanese populations.

To achieve this objective, the methodology was based on the triptych documentary / interview / survey by questionnaire.

Documentary research consisted of identifying and circumscribing the contours of the subject in order to understand it better.

Then, the interviews with the water sector stakeholders in Côte d’Ivoire gave us an accurate idea of the level of involvement and responsibility of these actors in the supply of drinking water to the city of Ivory Coast. ‘Abidjan.

Finally, based on the reasoned choice method and the use of a statistical equation, 555 households were surveyed in four communes (Abobo, Yopougon, Marcory and Cocody).

The results of our analyzes show that notwithstanding all the actions undertaken by the State of Ivory Coast, SODECI and ONEP for the supply of drinking water, the city of Abidjan suffers from a water scarcity deficit Drinking water.

This will lead people to develop clean water supply strategies to themselves.

Unfortunately, these strategies, which don’t solve the drinking water deficit, are mostly illegal, costly and expose populations to health risks.

Key words: Ivory Coast, Abidjan, Strategies, Supply, Drinking water

 

Résumé : Le présent article pose le problème de l’adoption des stratégies d’approvisionnement en eau potable des ivoiriens en général et en particulier des abidjanais.

L’objectif de l’étude est d’apprécier ces stratégies devant le déficit d’eau dans la ville.

Pour atteindre cet objectif, la méthodologie s’est appuyée sur le triptyque recherche documentaire, entretien, enquête par questionnaire.

La recherche documentaire a consisté à circonscrire les contours du sujet pour mieux l’appréhender.

Ensuite, les entretiens réalisés avec les acteurs du secteur de l’eau en Côte d’Ivoire ont permis de recueillir des informations sur leur niveau d’implication et de
responsabilité dans l’approvisionnement de la ville d’Abidjan.

Enfin, en s’appuyant sur la méthode de choix raisonnée et sur l’utilisation d’une équation statistique, nous avons enquêté 555 ménages répartis dans quatre communes (Abobo, Yopougon, Marcory et Cocody).

Les résultats montrent que nonobstant toutes les actions entreprises par l’Etat ivoirien, la SODECI et l’ONEP pour l’approvisionnement en eau potable, Abidjan souffre d’un déficit criant d’eau potable.

Cette situation va conduire les populations à développer des stratégies d’approvisionnement en eau propre à elles.

Malheureusement, ces stratégies, qui ne résolvent pas le déficit, sont pour la plupart illégales, couteuses et exposent les populations à des risques sanitaires.

Mots clés : Côte d’Ivoire, Abidjan, Stratégies, Approvisionnement, Eau potable

Environmental inequalities in access to water in rural areas: resource governance failures or spatial justice issues? The case of the Gorom Lampsar axis (Senegal River delta)AFWASA

Environmental inequalities in access to water in rural areas: resource governance failures or spatial justice issues? The case of the Gorom Lampsar axis (Senegal River delta)

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While access to clean drinking water is deemed a fundamental human right, it remains a challenge for the most marginalized communities, who are compelled to navigate through a myriad of socio-economic and environmental pressures.

These challenges include trade-offs in resource allocation, disparities in infrastructure, commercialization of water services, degradation of aquatic ecosystems, and the adverse effects of global climate change.

Drawing from empirical research conducted in Senegal, this article delves into the intricate interplay between spatial justice and environmental disparities, shedding light on how social factors intertwine with the quality of living conditions and access to water services.

The allocation of water resources, both spatially and temporally, is intricately linked to governance mechanisms and the differential treatment of various regions and demographics.

The case of the Saint-Louis region in Senegal serves as a poignant example, highlighting historical injustices such as water shortages and pollution that disproportionately affected indigenous communities during the colonial era and continue to impact rural populations today.

Despite efforts to address these challenges through reforms in management practices transitioning from community-based initiatives to recent delegation to private entities significant barriers persist.

Access to water resources remains constrained by inadequate supply, prohibitive costs associated with centralized water systems, and persistent organizational inefficiencies.

Keywords:

spatial injustices, environmental inequalities, access to drinking water, colonial era, political challenge, Saint-Louis of Senegal

https://journals.openedition.org/vertigo/43600
Les inégalités environnementales d’accès à l’eau en espace rural : défauts de gouvernance de la ressource ou problématique de justice spatiale ? Le cas de l’axe Gorom Lampsar (delta du fleuve Sénégal)AAEA

Les inégalités environnementales d’accès à l’eau en espace rural : défauts de gouvernance de la ressource ou problématique de justice spatiale ? Le cas de l’axe Gorom Lampsar (delta du fleuve Sénégal)

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Bien que l’accès à l’eau potable soit un droit humain fondamental, les populations les plus défavorisées sont contraintes de s’adapter à de multiples pressions socio-économiques et environnementales : arbitrages dans l’allocation de la ressource, équipements disparates, monétarisation du service, dégradation des milieux aquatiques, impacts du changement climatique global.

Fondé sur une enquête empirique au Sénégal et problématisé autour des relations entre justice spatiale et inégalités environnementales, l’article met en relation les conditions sociales des populations avec la qualité de leur cadre de vie, leur niveau et types d’accès aux services d’eau avec les modalités d’allocation de la ressource dans l’espace et dans le temps.

Ces dernières dépendent de la gouvernance des ressources combinée à un traitement différencié des espaces et des populations.

La région de Saint-Louis du Sénégal est particulièrement illustrative de ces problématiques d’inégalités environnementales – pénurie, pollution des eaux – au détriment des populations autochtones pendant la période coloniale et des populations rurales aujourd’hui.

L’accès aux ressources hydriques est ainsi limité par une desserte partielle, par le coût dissuasif de l’eau du réseau et par des dysfonctionnements organisationnels que la réforme des modes de gestion, communautaires puis récemment délégués aux entreprises privées, ne résout pas.

Mots-clés :

injustices spatiales, inégalités environnementales, accès à l’eau potable, époque coloniale, défi politique, Saint-Louis du Sénégal

https://journals.openedition.org/vertigo/43600