WEBINAIRE SUR LES SOLUTIONS ET INNOVATIONS DANS LE SECTEUR WASHAAEA

WEBINAIRE SUR LES SOLUTIONS ET INNOVATIONS DANS LE SECTEUR WASH MAJI AFRICA

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l’article présente les résultats des travaux de recherches dans le secteur du wash de trois jeunes africains à savoir : KOTIE SIDIBE de nationalité Malienne diplômée d’un Master 2 en géomatique, aménagement, gestion des territoires de l’Université des Sciences Sociales et de Gestion de Bamako ; FOUTAMATA MALEBA COULIBALY de nationalité Malienne Etudiante en master Génie Environmental à L’ Eni/ABT de bamako(Mali) et CHARLES TAPALNA de nationalité Nigériane es Master en études stratégiques de l’Université de Maiduguri

L’objectif était d’analyser les différentes solutions et innovations dans le secteur du wash au Mali et au Nigéria. L’approche méthodologique utilisée par les trois chercheurs dans le secteur du wash nous présente les différents modes de collecte des données directe (enquête de terrain, documentation physique) et collecte indirecte (recherche documentaire en ligne). Les résultats de ses travaux se présentent comme suite :

_ s’agissant des travaux de recherche de KOTIE SIDIBE qui sont intitulés :« APPORT DU SIG DANS LA GESTION DES DECHETS D’EQUIPEMENTS ELECTRIQUES ET ELECTRONIQUES DANS LA COMMUNE VI DU DISTRICT DE BAMAKO »

Au total, 274 sites ont été géolocalisés dans les onze (11) quartiers de la commune VI : Banankabougou (36), Dianéguéla (18), Faladié (32), Magnambougou (34), Missabougou (14), Yirimadio (42), Sokorodji (18), Sogoniko (25), Niamakoro (23), Sénou (23), Zone aéroportuaire (9)

Comme solution technologique innovante, elle propose un système d’informations géographique (SIG), un excellent outil pour assurer le suivi de tous les acteurs, les trajets de distributions, la fréquence des grossisses, et d’autre part, une planification du traitement (organisation des acteurs de traitement existante, réalisation de nouveaux emplacements pour les acteurs). Elle propose aussi la mise sur pied, des textes législatifs régulant le domaine de la gestion des déchets électriques au Mali

  • S’agissant des travaux de recherche de FOUTAMATA MALEBA COULIBALY avec pour titre :« APPROCHE DE REDUCTION DES EAUX NON FACTUREES DANS LES SOCIETES D’EAUX (SOMAPEP/SOMAGEP(Bamako) »

Les contrats de concession (SOMAPEP-SA) et d’affermage (SOMAGEP-SA) du réseau de distribution de Bamako devrait être 81%, mais il se situe aux environs de 63% soit 18 points d’écart. Ce qui entraine de nombreuses pertes pour la SOMAGEP-SA. Comme solutions, elle propose la modernisation des systèmes de mesures (compteurs plus précis et télé relevables)

  • S’agissant des travaux de recherche CHARLES TAPALNA donc le titre est :« ÉVALUATION DE L’IMPACT DE LA PARTICIPATION DES FEMMES AU COMITÉ D’EAU, D’ASSAINISSEMENT ET D’HYGIÈNE SUR LES SERVICES DE LAVAGE DURABLES ET MISE EN ŒUVRE DES MEILLEURES PRATIQUES À MAIDUGURI, NIGERIA »

Comme solutions innovantes aux défis rencontrées par les femmes dans les pratiques actuelles au Nigéria en matière d’eau et d’assainissement, d’hygiène, et d’assainissement nous avons la fourniture de pompes à eau fonctionnant à l’énergie solaire, d’unités mobiles de purification de l’eau, promotion de l’hygiène au niveau communautaire, fourniture de kits WASH d’urgence et formation/renforcement des capacités

l’article permettra de renforcer les capacités des jeunes chercheurs et innovateurs dans le domaine de l’eau, de l’assainissement et de l’hygiène en Afrique
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WEBINAIRE SUR LES SOLUTIONS ET INNOVATIONS DANS LE SECTEUR WASHAAEA

WEBINAR ON SOLUTIONS AND INNOVATIONS IN THE WASH SECTOR MAJI AFRICA

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The article presents the results of the research work in the wash sector of three young Africans, namely: KOTIE SIDIBE of Malian nationality with a Master 2 in geomatics, planning, land management from the University of Social Sciences and Management of Bamako; FOUTAMATA MALEBA COULIBALY of Malian nationality Student in Environmental Engineering at Eni/ABT of Bamako (Mali) and CHARLES TAPALNA of Nigerian nationality is Master in Strategic Studies from the University of Maiduguri
The objective was to analyze the different solutions and innovations in the wash sector in Mali and Nigeria. The methodological approach used by the three researchers in the wash sector presents the different modes of direct data collection (field survey, physical documentation) and indirect collection (online documentary research). The results of his work are as follows:
_ Regarding the research work of KOTIE SIDIBE which is entitled: “CONTRIBUTION OF GIS IN THE MANAGEMENT OF WASTE ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONIC EQUIPMENT IN COMMUNE VI OF THE DISTRICT OF BAMAKO”
A total of 274 sites have been geolocated in the eleven (11) districts of Commune VI: Banankabougou (36), Dianéguéla (18), Faladié (32), Magnambougou (34), Missabougou (14), Yirimadio (42), Sokorodji (18), Sogoniko (25), Niamakoro (23), Sénou (23), Airport Zone (9)
As an innovative technological solution, it offers a geographic information system (GIS), an excellent tool to monitor all the actors, distribution routes, the frequency of grow-ups, and on the other hand, a treatment planning (organization of existing treatment actors, creation of new locations for the actors). It also proposes the establishment of legislative texts regulating the field of electrical waste management in Mali
– Regarding the research work of FOUTAMATA MALEBA COULIBALY with the title: “APPROACH TO THE REDUCTION OF NON-REVENUE WATER IN WATER COMPANIES (SOMAPEP/SOMAGEP (Bamako)”
The concession (SOMAPEP-SA) and leasing (SOMAGEP-SA) contracts for the Bamako distribution network should be 81%, but it is around 63%, i.e. 18 points difference. This leads to many losses for SOMAGEP-SA. As solutions, it proposes the modernization of measurement systems (more accurate meters and remotely readable meters)
– Regarding the CHARLES TAPALNA research work, the title is: “ASSESSING THE IMPACT OF WOMEN’S PARTICIPATION IN THE WATER, SANITATION AND HYGIENE COMMITTEE ON SUSTAINABLE WASHING SERVICES AND IMPLEMENTING BEST PRACTICES IN MAIDUGURI, NIGERIA”
As innovative solutions to the challenges faced by women in current practices in Nigeria in terms of water and sanitation, hygiene, and sanitation we have the provision of solar-powered water pumps, mobile water purification units, hygiene promotion at the community level, provision of emergency WASH kits and training/capacity building
This article will build the capacity of young researchers and innovators in the field of water, sanitation and hygiene in Africa.

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Greenhouse Solar Dryers: A Cost-Effective Solution to Ensure Safe Application of Faecal Sludge in Agriculture

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Non-judicious and long-term application of chemical fertilizers not only deteriorate soil quality but also contributes to climate change effects due to the emission of greenhouse gases during the production and application of these fertilizers. On the other hand, there is an urgent need to look for alternative nutrient sources for food production to feed the growing population.

It is widely known that human excreta is rich in nutrients, specifically Nitrogen and Phosphorous. With the recent thrust on faecal sludge treatment and safely managed sanitation, there is an opportunity to use human excreta as a nutrient source. However, there are concerns of health risks due to the presence of pathogens in faeces. The main cause of concern is the soil-transmitted helminth infections as these are highly resistant to treatment and viable for several years.

In this context, this study was conducted in 4 locations (FSTPs – Faecal sludge treatment plants) of India – Angul, Dhenkanal, Karunguzhi and Devanahalli with the main objective to evaluate the efficiency of polycarbonate-based greenhouse solar dryers in reducing the Helminths eggs in the final treated sludges. Greenhouse solar dryers (GHSD) use passive drying to help increase the temperature and decrease humidity to ensure pathogen kill as well as faster drying.

Scenarios studied under the project:

Following were the assumptions made for the study,

  • Increased temperature and decreased relative humidity inside the GHSD chamber will help in reducing the sludge drying time.
  • Longer exposure of sludge to higher temperature (>50°C) will inactivate Helminths eggs.

GHSD is the polycarbonate sheet installed over the drying beds. This has a parabolic shape to resist wind and to induce greenhouse effect inside the drier. This greenhouse effect inside the drying chamber helps removing the moisture laden air and the moisture content from the drying product (Figure 2).

Solar pasteurisation unit (SPU) follows the same working principle and the structure of the GHSD. However, the height of the roof is less compared to the GHSD. The dried sludge from the GHSD is placed in the SPU. Due to reduced height of the chamber and low moisture content of the sludge, SPU can reach to a higher temperature of more than 60 degrees Celsius which will help eliminating the pathogens (Figure 3).

Galvanised (GI) sheet is one of the most used roofing materials over the sludge drying beds. These are galvanized metals made of thin sheets, coated with zinc. The main purpose of these sheets is to protect the drying beds from getting wet during rainy season.

Below mentioned scenarios were studied under the project,

  • Greenhouse solar dryer (GHSD): Angul and Devanahalli FSTP
  • Galvanised (GI) sheet + Solar Pasteurisation Unit (SPU): Dhenkanal FSTP
  • GI sheet and GHSD: Karunguzhi FSTP.
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A Monitoring Technique of Desludging and Decanting Faecal Sludge

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Tamil Nadu is a rapidly urbanising state that has been establishing and scaling up sustainable FSSM, leading the way in innovating technologies and operating models in sanitation. Safe collection, handling, and transport of fecal sludge (FS) is an integral part of a septage management programme. This paper documents the use of load axle sensors with GPS technology in the de-sludging vehicle to understand the movement of the vehicle, de-sludging and disposal locations, travel distance and time, and the time for de-sludging and decanting. These learnings help determine the location of current disposal, service area, and planning of decanting facilities.

 As a matter of fact, de-sludging vehicles collect and transport septage to designated decanting facilities, eliminating the need for manual emptying and reducing the risk of human contact with FS. As per the Tamil Nadu Urban Local Bodies (Amendment) Act (2022), the desludging vehicle must install a GPS device to monitor the de-sludging and decanting activities.

However, GPS can only track the movement of the vehicle and not locate de-sludge locations and whether operators were safely decanting the FS at the designated spot. Identification of the desludging and decanting locations with loaded quantities using GPS technology is difficult and a highly time-consuming process. The time required to analyse each vehicle could be a challenge for the ULBs as they scale this monitoring strategy.

Therefore, a study done on this aspect by the Tamil Nadu Urban Sanitation Support Programme (TNUSSP), intended to identify the possibilities of monitoring the de-sludging vehicles using a load sensor with GPS technology.

This monitoring helps identify the service area of the vehicle, the desludging and decanting locations, quantity of FS collected, travel time and distance between desludging and decanting locations, and time for desludging and decanting.  The analysis of travel distance and time aids for planning additional decanting facilities. Additionally, the vehicle was discovered to be loaded overnight and parked, so it is advised to keep the decanting station open at night as well.

Field teams are working on upgrading the system with an ultrasonic load sensor for more accuracy at an affordable cost.  Also, the option of incorporating the sensor output with the FSSM application to plan schedule de-sludging, auto deduction of decanting fee and real-time plant utilization rate, etc., are under progress.

The major challenges associated with scaling this monitoring technique are as follows.

  1. Requirement of an efficient monitoring system within the ULB
  2. Highly priced system: Possibility of vehicle owners with more number of vehicles refusing to adopt
  3. Lower acceptance among de-sludging operators for installation fearing regular monitoring of their activities
  4. Possibility of vehicle operators tampering with device
  5. Difficulty in orientation for desludging operators about proper desludging and decanting due to frequent changes in personnel.

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