BON À SAVOIR: PROCHAINE ÉTAPE APRÈS LA RÉALISATION DE SON PUIT / FORAGE

BON À SAVOIR PROCHAINE ÉTAPE APRÈS LA RÉALISATION DE SON PUITS / FORAGE

L´accès à une eau potable gérée en toute sécurité n´est pas évidente dans les pays en voie de développement et elle est encore plus difficile dans les pays d´Afrique subsaharienne. Cette situation emmène les populations à faire recours aux puits et voire même aux forages pour les mieux nantis afin de s´approvisionner en eau. Comme le dit un adage bien connu « L’eau c´est la vie ». Son goût et sa couleur varient en fonction des minéraux et des éléments biologiques (terres, roches, pierres, feuilles, etc…) rencontrés lors de son trajet dans son milieu naturel. D´où la nécessité absolue de faire des analyses Microbiologiques et Physico-chimiques après la réalisation de son puits / forage. Celles-ci nous permettent non seulement de connaitre avec une certaine exactitude la qualité de l’eau que nous allons devoir consommer, mais aussi d’apporter le ou les traitements appropriés afin d’avoir une eau saine et potable propre à la consommation.

Ce n’est pas parce qu’une eau est claire à vue d’œil quelle est propre à la consommation. Non !!! il n´y a qu´une analyse Microbiologique et Physico-chimique faite en Laboratoire et en respectant les normes nationales et internationales en vigueur pour nous édifier sur la qualité de notre eau.

 

Addressing Limited Access to Clean Water in Rural Communities of Cameroon

Participating in the Implementing Public policy program was a maiden, invaluable and exciting experience that far exceeded my expectations! It was a perfect blend of theory and action learning, arduous yet rewarding! My key learnings from the insightful lectures, course material and wide range of shared experiences were:

  • A transformation from my plan and control-oriented mindset to the Problem Driven Iterative Adaptation (PDIA) approach mindset. It equipped me with tools to identify a complex problem, drive towards change while learning, adapting and iterating. I gained insights on constructing and deconstructing a problem (fishbone diagram), carrying out a triple A (Authority, Acceptance, Ability) change space analysis, identifying an entry point and reflecting on a suitable idea to begin solving the problem.
  • Building teams based on psychological safety and accountability, dependability, structure and clarity, purpose and impact. With narratives that persuade people to get on the teams, they can be fixed as over time. Equal participation, engaging in difficult conversations, openness and vulnerability to talk about challenges in the team creates a highly psychologically safe environment for team members to be productive and yield better outcomes.
  • Rob Wilkinson’s 4 P leadership model of perception, process, projection and people. “Perception” made me willing to accept other views on the same aspect and build curiosity and creativity. “Projection” on its part, fine-tuned my narrative of the future in an optimistic way. As for “Process”, it enabled me to streamline roles in my team while including all members irrespective of their professional level and status. “People” furnished me with ideas on how to manage my emotions and that of those around me since “people may forget what you do for them but they will never forget how you make them feel”.
  • Managing delegation, time and trust. Specifically, I understood that I could not do everything alone; hence I delegated some tasks to other staff I can trust, which allowed me focus on core tasks and become more productive. I was also learned to place multi valuing over multitasking and consistency over intensity.
  • Keeping a learning and leads log or journal to capture my progress and celebrating small wins, will motivate my team to keep moving forward till we arrive at the big win.  Also, authorization can be built from sharing positive results of diligence with those who matter.
  • I gleaned that self-care on the physical, social, mental, spiritual and emotional fronts is vital to reduce burn outs, avoid depression and enhance happiness. As a result, a developed a self-care plan.

During IPP, I initially worked on addressing the challenge of delayed public investment budget execution which is slowing economic growth in Cameroon. I made some small progress by constituting a multidisciplinary team which worked to organize workshops to train 40 officials of the budget execution chain on the program budget and the use of the information system.

However, two months to the end of the course, in keeping with the flexibility of the PDIA approach, I took more interest in addressing a policy challenge that touches directly on the public. Apart from being a committed civil servant, I am a board member of an association – Support Humanity Cameroon (SUHUCAM), a grassroots non-profit Cameroonian Development and Environment association created in 2018. For over 5 years, we have been working in grassroots and semi urban communities in Cameroon, strengthening resilience and effecting Climate Change, enhancing access to sanitation and clean drinking water. We have gotten grants from the Japan water forum and African climate reality project to supply portable water to the “Mbororo” and “Mulafi” communities in the Northwest region. In the quest for natural solutions instead of boreholes, we opted for protecting catchment areas, building reservoirs and installing taps. This gave access to clean water to over 2000 people from 200 households.

In that vein, I convened a meeting with other board members and staff; we brainstormed and decided to work on the challenge of: “Limited access to clean water in rural communities of the North West region of Cameroon” as a hindrance to the attainment of the sixth sustainable development goal of access to clean water and sanitation in the areas. This has led to widespread waterborne diseases, affected the overall sanitary conditions and posed difficulties in handling pandemics like COVID 19.

We then came up with the fishbone diagram presented below, did a triple A analysis of the change space we picked the bones on climate change and insufficient financial resources as entry points. We realized that insufficient funds was due to the inclusion of vital information in grant proposals and we resolved to crosscheck the proposals and withhold important information. This approach recently got the association a G20 Global Land initiative grant of 15,000 dollars for a one year project to protect the “Mbingbo” catchment area, build reservoirs and install taps to supply over 6000 people in a rural community of “Balikumbat Division” of the North West Region. We are also working on an initiative to plant 15,000 trees around the area.

The PDIA approach has completely renovated my perspective in the face of challenges at work and in my personal life. I begin by identifying the problem, breaking it down to the smallest levels and gradually finding ways to solve it while celebrating every positive stride I make in the process.

More so, I intend to maintain a psychologically safe environment for my team by strengthening trust, increasing vulnerability, engaging in acts of kindness and outings. These hitherto were at low levels in my organization.

Prior to my participation in this course, I was struggling with time management through tips like multi-valuing, drafting a to-do list every morning, spending my mornings on MITs, setting a time limit for each task. My level of perfectionism has reduced and I have been able to say no since I cannot please everybody.

With the insight from “people” of the leadership model, I hope to always do an internal audit before reacting to any emotional trigger from my team members or other stakeholders. This will permit me to accommodate more people, improve my network and widen my circle of influence.

I envisage to keep up with weekly team meetings and journaling to keep track of any progress made, in order to stay motivated, happy and productive. I also hope to implement my self-care plan which will allow me relax and let go of anxiety.

To my fellow PDIA practitioners around the world, begin by becoming the change you want to see. Find and keep those with the same change drive as you in your team. Also, the fear of failure is the beginning of failure. Do not be afraid to fail, learn from it, and move forward. Moreover, it is illusionary to think you can produce immediate big results. Think big, act small while focusing on the process and regularly celebrate tiny wins. This will expand your possibility perception and cultivate more success.

Fishbone diagram

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Restructuration du secteur de l´eau Potable en Afrique centrale et de l´Ouest Francophone

Restructuration du secteur de l’eau Potable en Afrique Central et de l’ouest francophone

Le présent article nous présente les résultats sur la restructuration du secteur de l’eau potable en Afrique Centrale et de l’Ouest Francophone. Il montre l’état des lieux, les défis et  propose des solutions sur la restructurations du secteur de l’eau potable en Afrique Centrale et de l’Ouest Francophone

Les multiples utilisations de l’eau provenant de systèmes de recharge d’aquifères au Kenya et en Inde

Les « services à usages multiples » (MUS) tiennent compte du fait que les ménages utilisent l’eau tant pour des usages domestiques que pour des utilisations à des fins productives. Le présent article est le premier du genre qui vise à déterminer comment les systèmes de recharge des aquifères gérés (MAR) constituent une forme de services à usages multiples. Deux cas ont fait l’objet d’étude en Inde et au Kenya. Dans le cas du Kenya, les barrages de sable constituent la forme de système de recharge d’aquifères gérés, tandis qu’en Inde, on a recours à des barrages de retenue et des bassins d’infiltration de différentes tailles. Grâce aux observations, aux entretiens et aux données sur la qualité de l’eau, il est possible de décrire comment les communautés accèdent à l’eau de ces infrastructures de différentes manières pour différentes utilisations, en fonction de leurs besoins en eau et des caractéristiques des différents points d’accès. Le système de recharge d’aquifères gérés consiste à recueillir de l’eau de pluie et à retenir les eaux de ruissellement pendant la saison sèche, ce qui augmente la quantité d’eau disponible et permet de diversifier les utilisations de l’eau. Les gestionnaires des eaux devraient donc l’envisager comme option dans leurs initiatives de mise en valeur des ressources en eau afin de répondre tant aux besoins domestiques qu’aux besoins de production des communautés.

Share Water No. 13

Le treizième numéro de la revue technique bilingue de l’Association Africaine de l’Eau (AAE), Share Water, est disponible. Il met en lumière des solutions en termes de lignes directrices et d’outils susceptibles de favoriser une meilleure gestion des problématiques EAH et l’atténuation de la pénurie hydrique, en vue d’accélérer l’accès aux services durables d’eau et d’assainissement pour tous en Afrique.

L’une de ces solutions est l’approche des plans de sécurité sanitaire de l’eau, qui est largement reconnue comme le moyen le plus fiable et le plus efficace de gestion cohérente de l’approvisionnement en eau potable afin de préserver la santé publique. Depuis l’introduction des Plans de sécurité sanitaire de l’eau dans la 3ème édition des directives de l’OMS pour la qualité de l’eau potable (DQEP) et la Charte de Bonn pour une eau potable saine de l’Association Internationale de l’Eau (IWA) en 2004, bon nombre de sociétés de distribution d’eau ont mis en œuvre des Plans de sécurité sanitaire de l’eau, et de nombreux gouvernements encouragent activement l’usage de ces plans et/ou leur inclusion dans la législation nationale.

Les avantages de la mise en œuvre des plans de sécurité sanitaire de l’eau comprennent l’amélioration de la santé publique – à travers la garantie permanente d’une eau potable saine pour les consommateurs, la mise en place d’un cadre proactif (plutôt que réactif) pour la gestion de la qualité de l’eau potable, l’identification anticipée des risques nouveaux ou accrus, l’évaluation systématique approfondie des systèmes d’eau, et bien plus encore…

 

Zoom: Equipment for Water Supply and Wastewater Treatment

AVK Group’s solutions are currently used in the entire water process or water cycle, from pumping to treatment, including the transfer, distribution, and treatment of wastewater. The equipment manufactured and marketed falls within the range of gate valves (up to 2500 diameter), butterfly valves (up to 3600 diameter) and regulation or smart valves, which allow to stabilize a pressure or flow rate according to the consumption of subscribers. Those valves allow to follow the daily flow rate and the night flow rate, so as not to remain on a pressure downstream of 4 to 5 bars over all the year whereas the drawing is with high consumption. Connection valves with flap systems are also available, and the company has one of the widest ranges of drinking water valves and pipe accessories available today; However, pumps are not manufactured.

When the diameter increases, it is better to use butterfly valve for a better management of clutter and manhole. There is a range of materials suitable for aggressive liquids or wastewater. Wall and knife gate valves are used for wastewater treatment plants. The range of fire protection valves should be placed on fire hydrants in cities to ensure the safety of inhabitants.

The gate valve is the most used in water networks in Africa; Although quite underestimated because it is under the ground and the device is not often seen, this valve is used to sectorize a network as part of the procedure to determine the Non-Revenue Water (NRW). If the valve is not watertight, the whole calculation logic is wrong. Hence the problem of quality of the products set on the networks, because very often the valves don’t operate and are not watertight.

The software AVK Assist can be installed on I-pod or Android to read data of connected valves which have a barcode; through that means, it is possible to geolocate the position of the valve. There are also data sheets and small software programs to calculate flow rates. Smart valve includes a sensor system, which gives to the operator, instant information on the handling of the valve, which can no longer be handled without the operators’ knowledge. Similarly, that technology allows to notify the handling of the fire hydrant by an unauthorized person. That new technique is very useful to fight against the phenomenon of Non-Revenue Water, i.e., water produced but not billed to the customer.

AVK demands the same requirements on water cycle as it does on gas management. There is a completely crimped operating nut encompassing the cast iron cover and fully vulcanized. There is no movement or vibration between the nut and the gate, therefore no corrosion. There is a concept where the nut is simply positioned, and continuous movement can be noted. Also, after few months or few years, there is a phenomenon of vibration and then corrosion.

AVK is one of the only utilities that manufactures rubber (polymer) used in its equipment. A gate valve is made of EPDM which compatible with drinking water. This means that AVK has a quality control on the manufacturing process, which considers the European standard EN 681 on the elasticity of the rubber and the remanence (capacity to be crushed when the valve is closed and to recover its initial shape when the valve is opened). German GSK certification allows AVK to guarantee the quality of Epoxy coating on the valve. There are several criteria for non-destructive control that guarantee the longevity of Epoxy coating on the equipment, which prevents the valve from corroding even after ten (10) years of use. As guarantor of quality of their networks, water utilities would benefit from taking those certifications into account.

The concept of flanged valves can be multiplied into different connection types. Although the gate valve is the new product launched, there are several PEHD pipes in the sub-region. It is a very sleeved equipment with no bolts to tighten and no torques to comply with; it is enough to weld the PEHD pipes on the end caps which are already crimped and tested in the factory. The advantage of PEHD is the guarantee of no leakage, as the polymer can be welded.

Keyhole goes together with valves, as they constitute the access point to the valve, through which it is possible to search for leaks thanks to data loggers, among other quality systems, which allow to listen the return of network. After the theft of cast iron and at the request of customers, AVK has turned to composite materials, which are recyclable, cost effective, non-corrosive, cannot be stolen and consume less energy to meet today’s energy requirements. A new cast-iron keyhole, all-composite (round head, hexagonal marking, dedicated colour, numbering, etc.) that can be raised to fit under the roadway as vehicles pass by, was launched. In fact, one of the recurring problems is the crushing of the roadway by heavy vehicles, which leaves the keyhole protruding; it therefore remains at a height above the roadway. The solution at hand will follow the movement of the roadway and ensure a constant continuity between the head of the keyhole and the road, which will facilitate the handling of valve over years ahead in the interest of sustainability. At the request of customers, it is being developed and sold in Africa.

The origin of NRW can be the leaks in the valves. Then, pipe repair equipment is of major importance. Those are solutions or sleeves for all pressures, all materials (PVC pipe, PHP, steel, etc.) and all types of pressure (up to PN=40) that allow the repair of pipes or conduits in charge without cutting off the water supply. Information on the type of pipe, the external diameter and the pressure allow to manufacture dedicated sleeves to solve quickly and at low costs the leakage problems, thus avoiding untimely water cuts.

The connection of two (02) PVC or cast-iron pipes with leaks can also be repaired. The advantages include the simplicity of the repair which is definitive and guarantees the watertightness on long term, without cutting the pipe or excavating the conduit, and without interrupting the water supply so as not to disturb the supply to final users during the process.

 

LES KIOSQUES DE MARQUE PEUVENT-ILS AMÉLIORER LA COLLECTE DES REVENUS DANS LES POINTS D’EAU AU GHANA ?

Au Ghana, la plupart des recettes des points d’eau sont systématiquement inférieures à leur potentiel estimé, car les vendeurs n’appliquent pas pleinement les tarifs de paiement à la quête. La faible collecte de revenus compromet la capacité des systèmes d’eau à couvrir toutes les dépenses d’entretien et d’exploitation. Aquaya a évalué si l’installation de kiosques de marque aux points d’eau ruraux pouvait augmenter la collecte des revenus. Dans les cinq mois qui ont suivi l’installation des kiosques, les revenus quotidiens des points d’eau ont augmenté d’une moyenne de 51%, soit 1,1 GHS (0,2 USD). Les augmentations de revenus étaient très variables d’un site à l’autre, ce qui indique que cette intervention n’est pas aussi efficace dans tous les contextes.

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SHARE WATER 11

Ce onzième numéro de la revue technique bilingue semestrielle de l’Association Africaine de l’Eau « SHARE WATER » explore les solutions innovantes et les bonnes pratiques pour construire des villes africaines résilientes et durables. Ainsi, les différents articles proposés, dont une brillante étude de cas sur les pratiques de valorisation des boues pour une économie circulaire au Sénégal, se focalisent sur les mesures à prendre pour réaliser un assainissement inclusif à l’échelle des villes d’Afrique. Par ailleurs, des solutions alternatives au stress hydrique sont proposées pour une meilleure gestion des ressources en eau : le modèle de réutilisation des eaux usées de Windhoek, l’intercommunalité sous-tendue par l’approche ATPC (Assainissement total piloté par la communauté) qui conduit à la mise en place d’un service technique de l’eau et de l’assainissement dans une commune du Niger, la Bi-Orientation moléculaire pour des tuyaux en PVC de haute qualité conformes aux normes internationales, la production d’eau potable à partir de l’air ambiant ou encore le traitement de l’eau par l’énergie solaire dans quatre pays d’Afrique de l’Ouest.

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